Monday, November 13, 2006

A Comprehensive General Explanation of Behaviour..
...HOW GENIUS, MENTAL ILLNESS, RETARDATION, And Other GENERAL Types of BEHAVIOUR MAY BE EXPLAINED By ONE UNIFIED CAUSOLOGY, GBN, GENERAL BEHAVIOURAL NEUROLOGY

What do genius, retardation, depression, and schitzophrenia have in common (or not so uncommon?). It's been said that genius is just lots of common sense, indeed we have the same exact neurons as a feline, just more. New research about creativity finds it's often not a sudden burst of inspiration, rather it's many smaller innovations building up to the brilliance. In this view, "Einstien was both a real good proof reader (a good author too of 200 books) and also he happened to be at the right time and place in the cosmos. There have been diffferent visions of genius, one is it's something completely unlike other truth. After all in Einstein's 1905 page about relativity, he uses not a single reference to any other author. But Einstein said also, the secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources. And he would have known, right? How would he hide the cosmos? Thus, some think of genius as just a sort of high level common sense.

The two things common to all intelligence are memory and creativity, like the branches and trunk of a tree, and like the logic branches of a computer. This is rather like for example, the branches of math as they have developed, simple to complex, like evolution as it has developed. Indeed this would be why our wit has been so important in history, it mirrors evolution in a direct sort of way. If you think of wealth as being one of the higher realms of civilization or an expression of the power of knowledge is power like money, if in doubt, a reliable definition of wealth might be that the rich can buy more of what's natural!

 A neuron is like the tree, and this is why I think genius, retardation, mental illness and normal intelligence all may have a simple underlying physiology. Genius is the tree or the neurons (or the equivalent synapses, also  that have the branch and trunk in smaller realms, like the math tree getting more complex with details in history of math) with more branches like creativity, and more trunk. Genius is sometimes called "supernormal". In GBN, normal intelligence would be the same tree with moderate branches and trunk, and retardation is with branches and trunk reduced more yet than normal. If there may be real hope of someday curing retardation, and indeed of increasing "normal geniuses" like you and me, well right! We may soon be able to grow neurons well, as I say below, this may be why Electro Convulsive Therapy ECT is the best method known to relieve depression, by growing the neurons at the base of the brain, the hippocampus, or perhaps by trimming the overbranches at the top, soon to be proven or disproven by MRI. Depression may have important cause in the branches being more top heavy and complex with reduced trunk of the tree. Schitzophrenia is "fast" and depression is "slow" so it seems natural to believe, they are the "opposite". Depression would have too many connections at the top and not enough at the bottom, schitzophrenia would be the tree upside down. As I say, the base of the tree or trunk may be more important to most types of behaviour than anywhere else, it evolved first, and more branches like a top heavy tree can still function relatively well, but a tree with reduced branches and a damaged or unadapted trunk as in schitzophrenia would have reduced ability to process energy or computational energy like thought, and this could be why schitzophrenia tends to be more severe than depression. the branches are complex and redundant, while the truck of the tree is simple and not so redundant, thus it's not only more important because without a trunk the tree can't compete as well, but also simple ways can damage it more all else the same.

  As I say the base of the brain may be the most important to such as intelligence, curing depression or schitzophrenia, and so on because it's the general area from which all or much else may follow. This reminds me of way cool ice age research, what else? Around 1900 it was found after some years of puzzling that the earth isn't symmetrical about the times of the glacial ages. The N controls the glacial ages more than the S. If otherwise, the N would be hot and the s cool with no change or glacial ages. Only if the N is more powerful is there the glacial age we've been hoping for in the heat of global warming. The trunk and branches of the brain, the neuron or logic don't have to be perfectly symmetrical, any more than men and women, or bad and better. This is how the foundation may be so important to curing depression and schitziphrenia, and improving retardation, normal intelligence, and perhaps even you too if you are reading this, Mr Einstein!

 GBN may even explain manic depression, as a flux in neurotransmitters reversing the branching of the small zones (Notice it's not the overall neurons that are reversed or upside down with each cycle. This is evidence that the neurotransmitters themselves not just the overall trunk and branches of the neurons are involved with the cause of thought. Though this certainly doesn't limit the possibility that the small scale branching and trunk structure of the neurotransmitters and synapes themselves are the foundation, this is indeed a necessity of GBN if the structure of all logic is like this. Consider Noether's theorem. Essentially, Noether, the great lady mathematician Einstein admired most found that the more things change, the more they stay the same, this leads to the classification of all sets indeed, all there is by way of either what changes-or what stays the same! If we imagine a simple cosmos all as one, nothing could change, so nothing would be "real". Or in a cosmos not of the one but the many, with small random unconnected events alone, there would be nothing to know either, so all there is must have both; the changes and the sameness, the trunk and branches, leading to all there is. This seems to be why symmetries are so important to the foundation of physics.)

The evidence with MRI shows that the two regions of your brain that multiply in size with learning are the higher brain and the hippocampus. There is definite proof of the increase in size of the hippocampus with learning. Elizabeth Gould thought that the higher brain would also increase in mass via learning. For more about the hippocampus go to neurogenesis, and about the cortex click here. In schizophrenia the hippocampus which is much involved in memory has random orientation of cells. In most persons the orientation is with the hippocampus cells more aligned. The main symptom of the illness is that memory is too much, the person with schizophrenia remembers just a few words and others less than other people.

While the hippocampus is about memory, it's believed that memory also is caused by other parts of the brain. In brain research a person named H. M. had an operation in the 50's for epilepsy and by accident of the surgeon his hippocampus was hurt so they thought he would have amnesia, but he remembered after this so it's thought memory is stored in many parts of the brain and that we create our memories by exercises of our brain. Generally I think if just the hippocampus and higher brain are multiplied with learning, these would be most important, the high and low notes. The hippocampus is about memory and memory experts say memory is by association, so the memory of people without schizophrenia would be by change of regular links, links are strong with unity, like a chain, if any link is incomplete it's not as strong. So evolution would favor this unity of the cells for survival, memory is important to know the land well year after year. If you think of memory as the opposite of creativity with memory made of regular nonrandom more convergent links and creativity has a major element of more randomness, in a healthy person you have two major parts of the brain, one naturally unified like the hippocampus, and the other random like the higher learning, or the trunk and branches of a tree. In schizophrenia the person may have too much or "wrong" memory of wrong words, and if memory and creativity are opposite, somewhere else perhaps in the higher brain you would have too much non randomness where there would be creativity or randomness in most healthy persons. The usual regular links of memory in the hippocampus would be random in the hippocampus, and the memories of the usual type would be actually in the other "opposite" part of the brain. So schizophrenia would be a sort of reflex arc in reverse, random creativity is where memory would usually be in most people as in the hippocampus, and creativity being the reverse is where memory would be. Being mostly opposite they can't both be in the same place at the same time. If the hippocampus of memory is random where it would be unified, somewhere else of comparable import in the brain involved more with random alignment by this theory would be unified. Since the two main parts of the brain that are larger with learning are the hippocampus and the front of the brain, and the hippocampus has randomness, perhaps the higher brain would have unity for the people involved more than usual. This is a prediction of this "branch"of my explanation, if as above mostly the hippocampus is most important to memory, and the upper cerebrum being more about the higher creativity. There may be interaction between the more active and other brain realms for learning, H.M. remembered events after the operation for epilepsy, but evolution may favor simplicity, for instance they've found a few cells that control the activities of most of the brain like a boss. Simplicity is stronger when in doubt, why buy it with 50 when you can buy it without or with what?
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GENIUS A BRANCH
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If this is a reversed reflex arc of the lower and higher brain, genius would be supernormal, with both more of memory and creativity, just more of the reflex arc. So a prediction of the GBN is that geniuses have more aligned cells of the lower brain and more random of the higher, and since the brain physically rewires it's neurons on at the synapses when learning, the use of neurotransmitters in genius would be more efficient. And there would be more neurotransmitters here too.
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RETARDATION, A REDUCED BRANCH?

 

Retardation is more passive than the reversed reflex arc of schizophrenia, retarded persons report no major pain in how they feel about life, so those with retardation would have the reflex arc of normal intelligence, but with reduced randomness of the higher brain and reduced unity of the hippocampus, but not so much the arc was reversed like in schizophrenia, just a reduction in intensity.
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Depression and The Evolution of The Brain
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 Depression would be explained in GBN as a sort of too extreme genius, at least where the branches of the tree is involved. The trunk would be decreased but the higher brain activity would be increased to the degree of the symptoms. They have with MRI found in both depression and schizophrenia that the hippocampus and higher thought realms of the brain are reduced in size this would be because like iron in circulation too much or too little activity may have much the same result, for iron the result is fatigue, and for neurological activity in the brain the result would be reduction of the brain volume.

It recently was found by MRI that while depression has both reduced grey matter and volume of the hippocampus there is also increased connectivity of neurons above the left eye, an area called the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC). This area turns off and on rapidly in severe depression but not in normal brains. This shows that  the general volume of volume brain tissue may not directly be a prediction of GBN, rather just the degree of connectivity and firing rate of the neurons and synapses. With GBN even with reduced hippocampus volume and the essence (and then perhaps the resolution) of the problem these fewer cells may be much more active.
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 If schizophrenia has random cells in the hippocampus and would have more nonrandom cells of the higher brain, depression would have the general pattern of schizophrenia but reversed with more unity of the cells of the hippocampus and randomness of the cells of the higher thought, the same as genius, but unlike in genius with not enough trunk to support the branching out. In schizophrenia and depression, both the hippocampus and higher learning brain areas are found in tomography to be atrophied. In GBN, with the more basic trunk of the tree damaged in depression by too much simplicity, the higher branches of the leaves above are without as much available power from the light.


 They find that the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other brain areas are much changed by Electroconvulsive (ECT) therapy. This is still the best known way to improve depression, outperforming therapy and pharmaceuticals, with 75% improved. (The older problems of flailing and some memory loss for those having ECT have been improved by ansthesia and muscle relaxants, and memory now actually improves by short sharp pulses in modern ECT. More recently, depressed people have emerged from the MRI laughing and joking, and it's believed an area between the hippocampus and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex called area 25 may control the depression circuit. Many believe that in the future depression may be cured as now is being achieved. About 50% of those with improved MRI treatments are cured though still costing several thousand dollars. The price may be soon lower, like Roll Back America to the hours ahead for millions.) 

  In tomography It's been found the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is "overconnected" and that ECT reduces the connections yet without reducing grey matter with the hippocampus increasing in size with ECT, just as GBN predicts. The trunk is getting stronger and the branches are reduced. Theorists are also using MRI to find out if overexcitation or much connection of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is indeed the "cause" of depression. Since symptoms of depression also sometimes gradually return after ECT they are waiting to see if the symptoms are much the same as goeswith changes in the leftdorsolateral prefrontal cortex. GBN is about the hippocampus, the base of the brain more than all else, as I say. So I wonder if the changes expected instead will be more directly proportional to changes there. Depression has been found to have endorphin levels much like other normal people. It may seem that endorphins aren't involved, and schizophrenia with higher endorphins isn't really the opposite of lower speed depression, and the tree isn't "upside down" here. Schizophrenia is more severe than depression so I believe there is the upside downness involved here, but an overbranched tree with reduced trunk can generally function better than a tree with too much trunk and reduced branches both. Thus though depression is "half a reflex arc", with much trunk but reduced branching schizophrenia would have neither branches or trunk in good health. 

 If the trunk is more important, the atrophy of the trunk in depression would have reduced endorphins there and too many endorphins in the  left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, even though the overall levels of endorphins are not changed a lot compared to normal people. But schizophrenia being more severe and the opposite of depression too, might have reduced endorphins in the cortex but much increased endorphins in the hippocampus, not being also exactly the same as depression in general. This is where all the extra endorphins of schizophrenia could be from, because the hippocampus is more important for the general area a person is in, and how good they feel in general, and so on.

   I think it's possible the changes in the brain seen with ECT and then MRI may be showing not a lot of changes in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and more in the hippocampus, this would be because the hippocampus is more important and reflexes like muscles and systems in the body come in pairs. For each reflexor there's an extensor, If your kidneys are damaged, your heart has to pump more, this is why we aren't infinite, yet! As I say depression has one important link with genius, the branching of the top of the tree, genius has both branching and trunk in GBN, depression has branching more. It also seems a simple change of radiation like ECT could both energise and build up the hippocampus well, yet at the same time trimming the top of the branches just right "enough" to improve the tree in general. It would seem one or the other with something "simple" like ECT. By GBN the hippocampus is more important and the flexor being restore could help with the behavioural reflexes to thus improve those who have ECT. The relative change in the hippocampus and the leftdorsolateral prefrontal cortex would allow the more complete reflex arc to relieve the depression, suddenly the depressed person feels more like a genius. So too if the branches were removed there would be an overall change in the grey matter with ECT, and this wasn't seen. GBN also says that depression and schitzophrenia, as well as improvements in intelligence, of normal people, geniuses and for mental retardation may all be improved by methods to boost the brain here. GBN predicts that retarded people will have less endorphins, though they may be improved and that in manic depression the endorphins will wax and wane between the levels of schizophrenia and the more proasic levels of depression.

 The explanation of why depression has more activity of the higher brain and yet depression has general slower metabolism would be that while the branches of a tree are important, the trunk, the hippocampus, may be the main source of both depression and schizophrenia. (The brain pacemakers they use to relieve severe depression by stimulation of the higher brain nearer the right side may not be disproof the area above the right eye is not also involved, because it's more sped up as GBN predicts. The brain is more complex than a simple causology and so the pacemakers may operate by some other circuit of the brain.) When the hippocampus is restored to healthy size by herbs or prescriptions or other therapies like exercise, the sadness and other symptoms of depression are often relieved. The hippocampus would be of more import to the general speed of activities and determination of symptoms or genius and so on than the higher brain. The hippocampus is more basic and evolved before the higher brain, so information from the body would have to be relayed through the trunk of the tree, obviously the trunk of a tree has much to do with the tree's well being, it's the whole general area the tree is in.

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The idea that schizophrenia and depression are two opposite forms of the same illness may be related to endorphins, the bodies natural pain relievers.

 It's established that endorphin molecules are too large to go from the blood to the brain yet endorphin depletion takes place when the brain doesn't make enough endorphins fast enough to replace the endorphins depleted by stress, and so on. This is evidence the endorphins are influencing the system and the brain and how endorphin dialysis with schitzophrenia is so effective for removing the symptoms. Click here for a site about this.

In research the symptoms of schizophrenia are relieved for a few days when blood dialysis removes the endorphins. Endorphins are 10 to 100 times as much in the circulatory system of persons with schizophrenia, and beta endorphins are sometimes even found to cure schizophrenia. So if schizophrenia is a reversal of depression, perhaps depression would have an endorphin deficit. This site says "The evidence is inconclusive." but obviously some important major reversal because of the higher and lower speed of general activity (heart rate, breathing, sleeping or somnolence, get.) involved in these two types of illness. It's possible a simple and strong link between them exists like this. With the cerebral cortex active in severe depression, this may be the source of the raised endorphins found in some research. In depression this would perhaps be like the branches of the tree in evolution trying to make up for the trunks atrophy by hoping to make better use of the light above by branching out and being more active. While this would be the source of the raised endorphins in general circulation, if the hippocampus is of more import to be in the general area evolution would favor, in depression GBN would seem to have a deficit of endorphins in the hippocampus itself for some reason, for example if the cells were too unified, the opposite of schizophrenia, this could make the hippocampus unable to use the endorphins well, so there would be either a lack of endorphins in the hippocampus or something like lack of uptake. The overall endorphin levels would be the result of the combination of both higher levels of the cortex and lower levels of the basic realms of the brain, one subtracts and the other increases more.
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While depression in GBN may be caused by the more basic realms of the brain slowed down and the higher brain hyperactive somewhat and schizophrenia would have this reversed, both could have higher levels of endorphins (in either the LDLPFC or the hippocampus, respectively) than others without these illnesses, because in depression the higher brain and in schizophrenia the base of the brain are both overactive, respectively. Depression in GBN would only have moderately more endorphins because while the hippocampus has less activity than in other individuals without depression the cortex is a lot more more active in depression. Schizophrenia would have more endorphins in general than depression because of the more active general area of the brain the hippocampus and because this realm is more important.
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A prediction of this is that severe depression might be improved by either stimulation of the hippocampus (which would be too slowed down) or by a pacemaker that would slow down the activity above the left eye in the cortex not just by stimulation of the left cortex with pacemakers now being researched, this type of pacemaker used above the right eye might be more efficient because it could fit in more with the causology so more efficient and so smaller and thus safer.  The over activity above the left eye in severe depression would seem to be cancelled out by more of the activity that the brain pacemaker achieves by stimulation of other realms of the higher brain, thus the MRI may not produce the cheer in place of depression because both effects of the MRI on the cortex would cancel out, on the other hand if the MRI works mostly by heating it seems plausible it could heat and energise the more slowed down hippocampus, and would have the cheering boost because the hippocampus is the most important, this is worth research, it would be more proof of GBN.
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 Recent advances involve a vaccine for mice cocaine users (little mice hats) and also for heroin, the users stopped using them completely with no strain. Thus I believe schitzophrenia being so much about the endorphins might be cured or controlled much cheaper and with higher safety by this method. If a reliable method of moderating the endorphins was achieved, as with dialysis of endorphins and the method has a built in governor of some type to keep the endorphins from going too low, this might offer real, or even permanent cheap relief for the millions who suffer from it. (Actually the right dose is used according to the anticipated use of the drug to solve). AND it also may bring more pleasure in living to millions more with elevated endorphins.
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Fluctuations of the endorphins in the hippocampus in this general explanation could be the cause of manic depression. That the strong fluctuations occur is evidence that the endorphins may be of more import than even the physical branching of the neurons (though the branching is important also no doubt) because it's improbable the general rewiring of neurons would physically realign with each cycle of more or reduced endorphins or the other neurotransmitters involved. This also explains why drugs control but don't cure schizophrenia. The physical branching or non branching of neurons is hardware, and the endorphins are more like software. It's more easy to move software around the web than to move a sofa! This may be of use in curing mental illness eventually by finding ways to actually rearrange the cells of the brain for more optimum pleasure in life.

 The autistic savant syndrome would also be explained by the branching out but more rapid boost of the way to reach the light. Generally while in research they say someone who was retarded or was impaired in brain function some other way would have both the branches and the trunk impaired, the trunk would be of more general import. In retardation the branches and trunk of the higher and lower brain would be of less branching out than the brains of other persons. As in research, they find the genius part of the thought of autistic savants would be more about memory, because the trunk would be of most import to build up the most to reach the light the soonest if in doubt. A tree in the forest with other trees has reduced light (opportunities for growth and self improvement, and so on) if it can't branch out or has a low trunk. The improvement the tree would try to make would be a strong one. Shakespeare said, "Strong reasons make strong actions", so the cause of the genius realm of the impaired person's thought would be because almost any individual knows if they're being stopped at a green go light in the competition. If the tree is near the forest floor without much light, just branching out without much light is not maximal. The most optimal wager would be to build up the trunk ("memory") as fast as possible and make it strong to reach the light room up in the roof, before the light is out of reach, branching out is when or if this is achieved, not before. "You earn the right to do things the way you want to do them" (Thank you Reeba.) As the Wikipedia site says the genius of these savants is often about memory more than with most persons. And if the hippocampus is of much import as is known about memory and this is the trunk of the herb in GBN, the hippocampus without as much creativity would be the main source of the power of these persons to be smart. So GBN explains why memory is of import here. The hippocampus is involved with new memories, and so for all learning of most import because it puts the person in the right general area, without which it's much tougher to achieve evolution's aid.
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The hippocampus of autistic savants like the fast tree trunk to reach the light in time may be much in use to do their best to survive, and the hippocampus is important to memory, and memory is about reliable regular links (ask any web historian, and you'll see why I say this!). In schizophrenia the memory is "bad" memory, because it's not of highest aid to their survival, and the genius of autistic savants would be "good" memory of more use to evolution. Since in schizophrenia the hippocampus cells are more randomly oriented as research has it and good memory is a strong regular link like a strong trunk of a tree, a prediction of GBN is that while autistic savants may be lacking in creativity and higher branches at in the forest of life, they may have more regular orientation of the cells of their hippocampus, better use of endorphins and other compounds there, and so on. While in this theory the higher branches in general of learning of autistic savants would be lower than a genius' or normal person's level, as depression could have branches more like geniuslike the savants would have a hippocampus more like a genius at least about the genius part of the hippocampus they would use to multiply their power. A tree in the forest always needs some light, and for the reason of evolution favoring the person's survival they would want to make their trunk reach the light fast, and if the branch was mostly with risk of no light, evolution would understandably want to make most use of the precious light where available so the front of the brain of these persons may be of reduced branching due to lack of usual thought activity, a literal lack of light. But some of the branches of the higher brain in autism may be more branched out, make it to the light, and knowing evolution, the autistic savant's survival is often by evolution's design with much use of the light for this, this being the source of the ingenius light of that person's gift. Essentially in an abstract way, "where the patch of light in the roof of the forest" was, when the branch branched out, there the light would be more developed in that part of the higher brain, in proportion to their gift, like the more typical genius of myth and math. This also explains why savants of this type are rarely artists, this would be because art is about light and vision, and the best move of savants whose learning is more like a tree without the light, often don't therefore have the option of being so visual. While there are exceptions, words are linear like the trunk of the branch, and visual thought is more nonlinear. Visual creativity is more a feel good event, but dire necessity of the stress of savants of this type may favor the most important truth of the shortest path to reach the light before anything else. The "world awaits our creativity as soon as our debts are paid", ect. Memory is the buildup of fast strong links, like the truck of the branch, so random creativity like visual genuis must be delayed till the branch can first find more light. This could be why retarded savants are often  geniuses in math, music, ect. and less in visual creativity. 

-.Memories are constantly being formed and to the suprise of brain researchers, memories are stored in the whole brain, not just locally (say in Ohio!) They used to say we just use some of our brain, but this myth has been disproven, and we actually use perhaps 97% it. In brain research they find evolution is always smarter than we are. The increase in size of the hippocampus with learning may just be the most obvious change in the brain that takes place in more subtle ways at the synapses in other parts of the brain. For many types of brain science or physiology mere measure of general brain volume may be of no more real depth than brain waves were when it was found they only give the most general information about the brain.

GBN would hold to the molecular level, because all computation is a reflex arc, so the synapses would be just a sort of neuron of small size, and so much the same as the brain in general but with sharper resolution. The hippocampus and higher brain would be just a big reflex arc, trunk to branches and if you're able to exercise a muscle in moderation it has more power, so with genius the brain is multiplied.
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......More about use of vaccines for perhaps curing depression schitzophrenia, and improving many other health situations involving too much of a given compound in circulation, (Wilson's, heart problems, ect.)