EINSTEINS TRAIN MOMENTUM THOUGHT EXPERIMENT
To show that mass and energy are equivalent by way of conservation of momentum, Einstein imagined the thought experiment of an isolated system like a box car of a train with two masses. One emits the light and the other absorbs it with a net zero motion of the center of mass of the two bodies. Because the momentum of an isolated system with no work being done on it maintains the center of mass constantly, Einstein concluded that the energy radiated by one was converted to mass of the other and vice versa and so energy and mass are equivalent.
However by relativity mass energy is conserved but it's not converted.
If the two masses are not equal and the first body has more mass than the other then we have the recoil from the interaction taking place by Einstein's idea that light is a particle uninfluenced from emission to absorption because the speed of light is constant in relativity.
If light is a particle the recoil will make the larger mass move less than the smaller mass and it will move away, this will shift the center of mass of the two masses away from each but note that it's more from the light mass than the heavy mass.
This might seem to imply that work is done on the system and Einstein's idea only works for an isolated system. Another problem is that Einstein's method also involves the arbitrary assumption that the two masses are the same.
We can say that if the light was a wave being emitted and absorbed there would not be the problem of this type of recoil because the mass of the emitting body is being smoothly converted to energy and then from energy to mass by the absorbing mass, but this must be assuming that Einstein has flip flopped from his other idea that light is a particle unchanged in speed or influence from emission to absorption in relativity. This is by way of Einstein's own discovery of radiation pressure. Certainly this is fine if light is a particle but not so much if it's a wave.
I hold the light is indeed a quantum and it has this kind of recoil. Another issue is about how light is so slow and it's the only way to communicate information to a distant realm like say a near star or around the edge of a galaxy. Because the speed of light is slower over these large distances time is not connected up and so is an expression of the idea that we can't know what's before or after for distant systems like this because of the disconnection. Thus the idea that light is a relatively slow particle by the disconnectiom gives us the expression of the entropy of a system which seems to increase with time unlike energy conservation which stays the same.
Since the recoil of the two masses is a measure of the entropy and the wearing out are running down of a system with time, there are no isolated systems, work is constantly being done by this inequivalence about the conversion not just the conservation of mass and energy.
Since the heavier mass moves slower with the recoil and the lighter mass is moving away with the same force applied, the center of mass of the system is changing away from both masses but at a slower rate from the heavier mass than the lighter mass. This would mean that at any rate by way of entropy, one mass is more privileged than the other and mass and energy are not completely equivalent at least about the conversion of mass energy when work is done on the field and we see this around us constantly.
The masses have to be the same in Einstein's thought experiment which is arbitrary and the light has to be a wave also which
Einstein expressly says is not true in Special Relativity.
I hold that these examples where work is done on the field like with acceleration by gravity are where relativity seems incomplete. No work is done on the field in special relativity and uniform motion but if we accelerate the elevator it may be pressing against some kind of field and I hold this to be dark matter, the low energy virtual photons.
Newton was saying this about his laws that while they describe energy and momentum well, outside influence like friction was going to always render them imperfect. So in a way entropy disproves the complete equality of mass and energy, when work is done on the field it's an acceleration and this doesn't fit in with relativity.
As I've said I consider Maxwell's prediction of the exact speed of light based on the resilience of the medium between electric charges to be far from coincidental about which relativity has no comment.
I do agree with Einstein's other idea that there may be a low energy quantum to get around the uncertainty problem. I had likened this to the Higgs' particle at low energy around the outside of each heavy quanta giving them the mass. Another possibility I've considered for this constellation of these low energy quanta might be the Feynmann particles themselves. These particles would perhaps resonate as a code for the EPR entanglement, special only to those entangled quanta. This would also solve Maxwell's dilemma where he's saying that he can't understand why like charges for electromagnetism repel but like charges for gravity attract. The small constellations around each heavy quanta would make them heterogenous enough to attract.
When I say that mass and energy are not completely equivalent I mean that for example the electron has some mass but more energy and the positron has more energy plus some mass. By relativity they should be the same, just as with space and time we should be able to go into the future and the past at any time.
I ask experts about my objections about mass and energy not being equivalent because of my above comments that the light would be a quanta by relativity so the heavy quantum would recoil and change their center of mass and also about the arbitrary association of equal masses. One reply is that I should consider only quantum events and not large scale events like entropy.
But it would seem improbable that we could ignore these larger scale events since this is just what Einstein was invoking about the idea of the train and the light between the masses, and also that relativity does well about describing the conservation of momentum.
More particularly if mass and energy are concerved for the quanta due to other evidence there may be other physics for us to find and make use of to add on to relativity. To me it seems that relativity is incomplete because there's lots of evidence we see around us, like how gravity is an acceleration and the earth falls slower around the moon than the moon around the Earth.
Certainly we say at longer distance there are more privileged frames of reference like the Earth and about physics this can't be ignored.
I certainly accept that much that to a high degree of precision the atomic measure of the equivalence of mass and energy holds.
But elsewhere for the matter waves and entanglement I believe that the waves may be lighter than light so they may move much faster than light. For example there has been no upper limit on the speed found yet for tunneling.
Einstein said if one of his ideas go they all go but I would say that adding on the speed of the EPR by way of the phase change is only another degree of freedom at least when combined with my other idea of Line removal LR where the external field wraps around the quanta which are indeed spinning at the speed of light.
A more modern interpretation of the EPR is that it's simply one event taking place at the same time in two separate places.
I think of this like taking a quanta and fusing with the other quanta for the entanglement and then stretching them out and the result is that you have a much larger two particle system that's connected by the waves between them.
The waves are super luminal but not without limit or they would be infinite.
But if we say that the mass and energy of the electron and the positive charge if entangled are equivalent in an atomic measure this is not internal where it may be spinning faster than light by the phase change. (This phase change also allows extra energy for the field to spin inside the quanta adding more energy and more tension to the external field and this might be how the light would be propagated by this influence.)
Certainly we can measure the atomic equivalence of mass and energy, but partially at least I think this is assuming what we're trying to prove.
The waves might have the phase change which makes them faster than light, and the quanta only tend to measure the result of that phase change that always matches up to the measure to seemingly fit relativity.
Yet still it takes more force to move the heavy mass than a light mass, which has more energy.
Here I want to propose an experiment that may help us find the distinction between mass and energy for the electron and the positive charge or other entanglement events.
It's already been established that quantum with higher and lower mass can be entangled.
My proposition here is that we can take these two entangled quanta, and move them closer together and use a new development that has been to found called the Zeno method to hopefully measure the waves between those two quanta that are perhaps being sent to cause the unification of the EPR.
This search for changes in the low energy field is being done by some using large interferometers to hope to see if there's any small change we can find.
The Zeno method is named after the ancient Greek philosopher who was trying to make unlimited divisions in space and actually Einstein considered Zeno's paradoxes, which were only resolved by mathematicians in the 1800s after thousands of years.
The value of the method here is that physicists have found how taking light like a tube and bending it like a balloon makes it so that you can measure changes much smaller than the quantum level that Einstein considered I think about mass and energy.
If the massive and the more energetic quantum have different mass and energy even if they're entangled, if mass is mostly spinning energy (other than like for the abstraction of this for the quantum numbers in subatomic physics etc) they may have somewhat different code of those low-energy Feynmann or Higgs' particles being sent between the two quanta..
It might seem if this is superluminal we will need such super fast clocks we can never find the change. But I think this might be solved by the way the spin of the waves are periodic around the quanta like an electron so they may be more stable and they move considerably slower..
I believe that mass and energy are perhaps not just inequivalent in degree but also in kind to some extent.
There's been found to be no structure yet for the electron instead of smoothly changing way with different radius. If there is structure of electron by the way of this method the smoother the electron is by the limits of experiment this might seem to correlate with the speed of the EPR or tunneling waves. If the waves are faster the electron is smoother.
I would think we could just take an electron and measure it by the Zeno method to see if we could find the low energy Higgs' or Feynmann particles around the heavier quantum by more direct measure and this itself might be about just proof of the speed of light limit and wouldn't be about the inequivalence of mass and energy as by the above experiment with the tube of hopefully sensing the changes in the EPR Waves sent between the quanta. Even so as you can see the two may be related.
While you can't entangle two quanta and put a third between it to pick up the signal because it doesn't go over the quantum level to reach it by Line Removal, I would think this use of the Zeno method may be of great value to get around this barrier of not being able to measure the low energy field "by quanta with quanta" by relativity otherwise. The Zeno method may be a whole world of physics for us not disproving but hopefully adding on to relativity.
Here's a link to another one of my posts about the low energy photons and momentum.
