A problem with Lerner's machine (Focus Fusion) is that the protons have an electric field, the opposite neutron has no field (neutron means no charge) so it's tough to make them implode just right. The way out Lerner hopes to use is to use atoms with protons and neutrons inside (a better solution might be to make the neutrons stationary and slam in the hydrogen or other atoms by way of the electric field but this is still trying to aim too well with just luck if they hit). The opposite valences of the atoms allow them to be accelerated to high speeds and then they would implode. The problem is that the outer field of all atoms has electrons and like charges are more resistant to implosion, so the machine would have to overcome the outside force of the atoms to reach the inside, this takes more power.
I was reading one of those papers about the cosmos as computer where they ask how much more computing power is allowed by physics, will chips continue to add more speed indefinitely by the physics? (I think black holes and stars don't count as computing power because they are almost totally seperated from the rest of the cosmos by the distance, and also because the gravity simplifies the information. Usual computations like evolution go from simple to complex, and evolution or civilization are just like a big computer, so to count all the computing power in the cosmos like this I think is like lifting a booze light for exercise!)
This question of how much mass may be possible in a given volume and how much speed computers may reach is of worth. Data density and speed are much like how dense matter and energy can be. While I think there are not infinite wheels within wheels because there is not infinite complexity all around us, there is the possiblity of even higher density than just protons or neutrons.
I think the future of materials science may be improved much by hadron solids, solids made of the strong force, super strong and/or super lightweight. Considering this more indepth, as with much small engineering it's more robust to solve than would seem. First there is the problem it can't be made of just the opposite protons and neutrons that attract by the opposite strong force because it would wrap around to a giant atom and explode, the same way U 238 is much more unstable than say aluminum. So while it would seem to be made of either just protons or just neutrons, it can't be made of just neutrons because they are unstable and decay in a few minutes. I was feeling a bit out of it, then I realized with the N and S magnetic poles of each proton they would adhere in wires so I was more aware of a possible solution in sight. The N and S attraction might be used to make super fast proton wire chips just wired at 90 degrees like the new invention of these type of chips, simple to make and super small, this use of the proton wires would also make the proton solid. Then I realized it seemed that it would need lots of shielding, no small problem for the solids of this type because with much proton density it would attract all the negative atoms, which would combine with the protons making them unstable at least as much as many strong alloys now seen except with strong power. Another problem seemed to be about shielding the proton wires from heavy particles like neutrons. The protons would be in wires. The protons have the opposite strong force charge (Isospin) in contrast with the neutrons, so just one incoming heavy particle would have a strong atomic reaction, breaking the wire with small or not so small atomic explosion. One of the goals of the hadron or proton solids would be strength, but if there were any heavy particles near the solid it would lose strength over time, so I believed it would have to be shielded both from the heavy and light forces with some material to make it retain power and this would make it heavier for the same strength of materials. Lead shielding would bulk it up reducing some of the worth of the improvement this sort of solid is about.
With further consideration I realized a novolatile proton wire IS allowed by the physics, in its basic form. A proton wire would have the N S alternation of the protons. It would have the weight density of Uranium because the the radius of the nucleus of an atom occupies just 1/100 that of the atom, so if you have 100 radiuses of a hydrogen nucleus it would be a proton wire of that much weight per unit volume. The proton wire would be a wire, and to cancel out the electric charge of the protons it would use a tube of outer electrons held in orbit by the usual way the centrifugal force and quantization of the orbits of atoms of the common etomology are, so it would be a sort of uranium nucleus/atom tube of much breadth, and electric shielding would no problem.
The other proton wire or proton wire problem, shielding from the incoming heavy particles may be how a proton wire would be stable for the same reason for awhile the same way atoms of hydrogen are stable, since I'd only been laboring on this for a year I hadn't actually realized that an incoming neutron or other heavy particle would just combine with the protons of the wire and spin around if it was at low speed. It wouldn't fuse anymore than the atoms of hydrogen around us when hit by incoming particles. I think it would merely bind with the wire, making it wobble around the center of mass of the wire, even if the incoming heavy particles wouldn't cut the wire (because the binding N and S magnetic field lines of the protons are more compressed by the strong force and this makes it strong). If no shielding were used proton solids would collect more and more neutrons over time. The risk would go up of all the protons and neutrons of the wire curling around with the strong force because they have + and - force and this would cause the implosion and then the explosion.
Where weight for radiation shielding was no problem, for some uses the proton wire would be of worth, most computers e.g. use a lead shielding and a good use of the proton wires would be in computer chips, super dense and high speed.
A hadron solid may be of some use or even major use eventually. I wondered if there were denser sort of matter than protons. Yes, the subcomponents of hadrons some name "Rishons" or quarks, (I'll use Rishons here) from the hebrew word for one, these were believed to be the building blocks of the one and the all. Protons are about 10x10 to the -13cm and the Rishons are 10 to the -15, a hundreth the width of the proton. Rishons are believed to be flowing in a sort of fluid in the interiors of the hottest stars, in most matter at low energies they are bound and only with the region of higher energy extended to the realm of mammas greatest hits, are they believed to move in the unbound state. This makes sense because with the high speed atom smashers at high energys the rishons are more loosely bound and they have to be divisable some way or they would always be bound and no more rishons would be formed out of other particles
What Lerner is trying to achieve is slamming in atomic elements from the outside, fusion, and then power. If we took heavy nuclei like U238 with the electrons around the outside the strong force implodes the power at one wavelength and it radiates out at another like your hand on a jug, or the inward gravity of the earth or solar pressure generating heat. If your hand and the water were both at the same wavelength they would balance and you couldn't remove the contents by compression. The explosion of fission uses the compression of the strong force inward and then it explodes. But the problem is all the heavy particles fission causes, unlike fusion which is clean. I think fission and fusion are much alike, both have inward implosion that then reradiates power outward. The distinction is not about what's imploded but the expansion that follows, so if the implosion were the same for both, the expansion would be much the same. I think this may be achieved by the use of pressure to the heavy U238 from the outside by a sort of anvil that would compress a piston and cylinder. The inside of both the piston and cylinder would be in the round shape of the U238 nuclei at the maximum compression of the cylinder. This would use the attraction of the strong force to increase the power released, and make it burn much cleaner like solar fusion because the inward implosion would compress the heavy particles before they expand out, a sort of atomic supercharger like on some vehicles that heats the air and compresses it more to improve the power and burn. Cylinder and piston both might be actually made of proton solids (the proton solid would be perhaps just the piston coat for super strength). the power would be collect by way of electric current in the protons of the machine.
All this would be well and good, efficient power without radioactivity. But this may be achieved more easily via a proton wire and a beam through the outer flow of the wire on one side and and an (electric) wire all the way around the protons to complete the circuit. More about the atomic motor. This would tap off useful atomic power with a motor just two wires, that would be easier to manufacture than the cylinder motif above so cheaper.
Einstein predicted the Bose Einstein condensate, a new type of matter in the 1930's and it was found about 70 years later. I think of a type of matter of much more use than the Bose Einstein may be what I will name the rishon solid and how it would be made using the piston and cylinder. The heavy nucleus would be put in the cylinder and piston both with round faces of the protons to fit the U well. The cylinder with the aid of the strong force would compress the protons and neutrons well first to fission levels, then to fusion levels, and finally to the level where like in the most massive stars physicists think the Rishons are fluid, unbound and flowing. The cylinder would be a sort of large fluid nucleus. Unlike the usual U238 it was made of, the Rishons inside might be able to be lined up by the electric field of each Rishon, as it cools, to shape the way the rishons would "cool" into tiny blocks. The electric field wouldn't have much influence on the Rishons at higher pressure because with random lines of field like with magnetism the hotter it is the more the magnetism is reduced with more random thermal motion, there may be a lower heat and pressure zone where the electric field would control the Rishons well enough to make them into blocks for wires. You may say, electricity is too weak to much influence the strong force while it cools, but at distances of subatomic physics like the mesons or baryons like protons at 10 to the -13th -15th, the electric field may be strong enough to much influence the strong force by the more robust compression of the field lines.
If this were so about what would be the rishon wires they might be of real worth with all the advantages of the proton solids except more dense. By control of how they cool they could be made in wires with each rishon offset so the overall electric charge and isospin was 0. Only the ends would have electric or strong force charge and this attraction would be used to add atoms to the ends of each rishon wire, by the atom's outer field they would the anchor with more matter made of atoms.These blocks of the super dense rishon wire would be strong like the hadron solid, but they wouldn't be volital, it would be a totally new state of matter. This is what I hint at above about the density of mass and computers. More computer speed and strength of materials? More dense materials.
(The rishon wires or any denser wire could be made into a chip the same way the invention of the Molecular Crosswire chips do that just use wires in a lattice out of any wires to make a super dense chip.)
About the density of materials, I think because of the finitude of complexity around us, there won't be infinite wheels within wheels downward to the infinite, so if, or when rishon solids are ever rolled off the assembly line 30 years from now, the finite complexity may be a limit to density, so no faster chips or more blessed eden of the science of materials may be found beyond that.
I know this is obviously an if about the rishon solids but the payoff would be even better than the proton solids and there's no telling what else the rishon solids may be used for, e.g. it could be of real worth in medicine, and I think it may be of worth future materials science. It would be of value to fiddle around with, no telling what it may turn out to be.
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